We (finally) killed the Hadoop box to reflect the gradual disappearance of the OG Big Data technology – the end of an era! We decided to keep it one last time in the MAD 2021 landscape to reflect the existing footprint. Hadoop is actually not dead, and parts of the Hadoop ecosystem are still being actively used. But it has declined enough that we decided to merge the various vendors and products supporting Hadoop into Data Lakes (and kept Hadoop and other related projects in our open source category). Speaking of data lakes, we rebranded that box to "Data Lakes/Lakehouses" to reflect the lakehouse trend (which we had discussed in the 2021 MAD landscape) In the ever-evolving world of databases, we created three new subcategories: GPU-accelerated Databases: Used for streaming data and real-time machine learning.

Your data has value, but unlocking it for your own benefit is challenging. Understanding how valuable data are collected and approved for use can help you to get there. Two primary means for differentiating audiences by their data collection methods are site-authenticated data collection and people-based data collection, suggested a recent piece in BulletinHealthcare written by Justin Fadgen, chief corporate development officer for the firm. Site-authenticated data are sourced from individual authentication events, such as when a user completes an online form, and generally agrees to a privacy policy that includes a data use agreement. User data are then be combined with other data sources that add meaning, becoming the basis of advertising targeting for instance.